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Unfortunate Destiny PDF By:Reiko Ohnuma Published on 2017-05-01 by Oxford University Press Unfortunate Destiny focuses on the roles played by nonhuman animals within the imaginative thought-world of Indian Buddhism, as reflected in pre-modern South Asian Buddhist literature. These roles are multifaceted, diverse, and often contradictory: In Buddhist doctrine and cosmology, the animal rebirth is a most |unfortunate destiny| (durgati), won through negative karma and characterized by a lack of intelligence, moral agency, and spiritual potential. In stories about the Buddha's previous lives, on the other hand, we find highly anthropomorphized animals who are wise, virtuous, endowed with human speech, and often critical of the moral shortcomings of humankind. In the life-story of the Buddha, certain animal characters serve as |doubles| of the Buddha, illuminating his nature through identification, contrast or parallelism with an animal |other.| Relations between human beings and animals...